新概念3 Lesson 3

来源：环球雅思网 www.ielts.com.cn 2005-10-25

　　 【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

　　◆goddess n. 女神

　　◆archaeologist n. 考古学家

　　◆Aegean adj. 爱琴海的

　　◆explore v. 考察，勘探

　　◆promontory n. 海角

　　◆prosperous adj. （经济上）繁荣的，昌盛的

　　◆civilization n. 文明

　　◆storey n. 楼层

　　◆drainage n. 排水

　　◆worship n. 崇拜

　　◆sacred adj. 宗教的，神圣的

　　◆fragment n. 碎片

　　◆remains n. 遗物， 遗迹，废墟

　　◆classical adj. （希腊罗马）古文化的

　　◆reconstruct v. 修复

　　◆rest v. 倚放，放置

　　◆hip n. 屁股，臀部

　　◆full-length adj. （裙衣）拖地长的

　　◆graceful adj. 优雅的

　　◆identity n. 身份

　　

　　★goddess n. 女神

　　

　　★archaeologist n. 考古学家

　　

　　★Aegean adj. 爱琴海的

　　

　　★explore v. 考察，勘探

　　The archaeologists are exploring the cave.

　　exploration n.

　　explorer n.探险家

　　

　　★promontory n. 海角

　　

　　★prosperous adj. （经济上）繁荣的，昌盛的

　　Our finance is prosperous.

　　thriving 昌盛的，兴旺的

　　booming 蓬勃的，景气的

　　flourishing 繁茂的，健康的

　　

　　★civilization n. 文明

　　high level of civilization高度文明

　　civilize v.

　　

　　★storey n. 楼层

　　

　　★drainage n. 排水

　　

　　★worship n. 崇拜

　　respect; admire

　　Who do you worship in th world?

　　warship n. 军舰战船

　　

　　★sacred adj. 宗教的，神圣的

　　holy adj. 神圣的，圣洁的

　　solemn adj. 庄严的，庄重的

　　sacred music 圣乐

　　sacred promise 神圣的诺言

　　

　　★fragment n. 碎片

　　

　　★remains n. 遗物， 遗迹，废墟

　　

　　★classical adj. （希腊罗马）古文化的

　　classical music 古典音乐

　　classical education 人文科学教育

　　classic adj. 第一流的

　　This is a classic example of love at the first sight.

　　classic n. 杰作，经典之作

　　

　　★reconstruct v. 修复

　　re-重新，再次

　　construct 构造，建造，组织

　　build house 造建筑物

　　put up a tent

　　construct a sentence

　　construct a broken statuary

　　erect: build high buildings

　　erect monument 建造纪念碑

　　erect clock tower 建造钟楼

　　setup; establish; found 建立

　　Eg: setup students’ union

　　establish a school / rule

　　found a country

　　construction n.

　　constructive adj. 有教育意义的

　　constructor n. 建设者

　　

　　★rest v. 倚放，放置

　　

　　★hip n. 屁股，臀部

　　[口] 在服用兴奋剂，宗教信仰方面赶时髦的人；消息灵通人士；adj. 通晓的，见闻广的

　　Eg: Hary is a real hip. 玛丽真是赶时髦

　　The guy isn’t a hip.这家伙什么都不懂

　　joined at the hip 表示交情极厚的

　　Eg: These two are joined at the hip.

　　shoot from the hip 信口开河

　　Eg: Sorry, I said that I shouldn’t have shot from the hip.

　　

　　★full-length adj. （裙衣）拖地长的

　　a full-length dress

　　

　　★graceful adj. 优雅的

　　a graceful lady

　　elegant (behavier)

　　

　　★identity n. 身份

　　

　　【Text】

　　§ Lesson 3 An unknown goddess 无名女神

　　

　　Some time ago，an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea．An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini．The city at one time must have been prosperous，for it enjoyed a high level of civilization．Houses--often three

　　storeys high----were built of stone．They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls．The city was even equipped with a drainage system，for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets．

　　 The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times. In the most sacred room of the temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found. Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted. The body of one statue

　　was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C. Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C.This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved. It was very old and precious even then. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman. She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hip. She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground. Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far,the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.

　　

　　参考译文

　　 不久之前，在爱琴海的基亚岛上，考古工作者有一项有趣的发现。一个美国考古队在阿伊亚.依里尼海角的一座古城里考察了一座庙宇。这座古城肯定一度很繁荣，因为它曾享有高度的文明，房子一般有3层楼高，用石块修建。里面房间很大，墙壁装饰华丽。城里甚至还敷设了排水系统，因为在狭窄的街道底下发现了许许多多陶土制作的排水管道。

　　 考古工作者考察的这座庙宇从公元前15世纪直到罗马时代一直是祭祀祈祷的场所。在庙中最神圣的一间殿堂里发现了15尊陶雕像的碎片。每一尊雕像代表一位女神，而且一度上过色。其中有一尊雕像，她的躯体是在公元前15世纪的历史文物中发现的，而她那身异处的脑袋却碰巧是在公元前5世纪的文物中找到的。她的脑袋一定是在古希腊罗马时代就为人所发现，并受到精心的保护。却使在当时，它也属历史悠久的珍奇之物。考古工作者把这些碎片重新拼装起来后，惊奇地发现那位女神原来是一位相貌十分摩登的女郎。她身高3英尺，双手叉腰。身穿一条拖地长裙，尽管上了年纪，但体态确实优美。不过，考古工作者至今未能确定这位女神的身份。

　　

　　【课文讲解】

　　an interesting discovery：强调discovery， 体现发现这个动作被考古学家做出

　　主动语态难以突出重点 archaeologists made an interesting discovery

　　

　　英文表达：结果、影响、效果为主语，强调对客观事实的陈述

　　

　　An American team explored a temple which…

　　which引导定语从句，修饰限定temple

　　

　　which stands in an ancient city on…

　　which = that; stand = lie, situate (vt.) locate (vt.)

　　

　　An American team explored a temple which is located / situated in…

　　An American team explored a temple which lie in…

　　

　　stand表示高高坐落于，矗立于

　　Eg: She stands 1.75m. / A great tree stands on the mount.

　　

　　The city at one time must have been prosperous，for it…

　　for引导原因状语从句，对主句的附加说明

　　because引导原因状语从句，重点突出原因

　　Eg: The day broke for the birds were singing.

　　

　　at one time:表达曾经，一度；过去时态的标志， once

　　

　　must have been 对过去事实肯定的推测

　　

　　enjoyed a high level of civilization. 享有高度文明

　　

　　with…

　　Eg: a young man with broad shoulders / an old lady with black hair

　　

　　beautifully decorated 过去分词做定语

　　a beautifully dressed lady衣着漂亮的女士 / a deserted carpark 废弃的停车场

　　a white painted door 被粉刷成白色的门

　　

　　现在分词做定语，被修饰词与修饰词之间为；逻辑主动关系

　　a boy climbing the tree / the students reading in the room

　　

　　The city was even equipped with… for… were found…

　　be equipped with 配备，装备

　　Eg: the car was equipped with air conditioning.

　　

　　for 引导原因状语从句

　　

　　beneath the narrow streets / under the narrow streets

　　prep. beneath = under 正下方

　　He is standing under / beneath the umbrella.

　　

　　under:在进行中，under control 控制之中；under discussion 讨论之中；under repairs 修理之中

　　below:在下方，强调斜下方

　　Eg: She is sitting below the window.

　　

　　The temple which…

　　be used as / be used to be 把…用作为

　　Eg:The box was used as a desk in the small village school.

　　The wooden box was used as a bookcase.

　　The wooden box is used to contain books.

　　

　　In the most sacred room of…

　　Each of these represented … been painted.

　　

　　represent vt. 代表

　　I represent all the classmates.

　　

　　The body of one statue was found…

　　dating 现在分词，修饰remains

　　the customs dating from 1990

　　

　　date from 追溯到，从… 开始

　　The tradition dates from the time when his grandfather was young.

　　

　　The castle dates from the 14th century.

　　The castle dates back to the century.

　　

　　Its missing head happened to be among remains of…

　　happen to 强调事情的偶然发生

　　Eg: I happen to have driven that kind of car. 我恰巧开过那种汽车。

　　He happened to find the ticket in his pocket. 他恰巧在口袋里找到那张票。

　　

　　句式：It happens that……

　　Eg: It happnes that I met her on my way to work

　　 I happened to meet her on my way to work

　　

　　happen on 巧遇，偶然发现,偶遇

　　Eg: I happend on this old picture in the back of the drawer.

　　 Guess, who I happend on while I was in London last month?

　　

　　reconstruct: put together, piece together, restore

　　

　　

　　四个形容词: amazed:very much surprised

　　surprised; astonished; amazed; astounded 感到惊讶的，语气递增

　　astonished: much surprised

　　amazed: very much surprised 惊奇

　　astounded 非常惊讶，尺愕，惊奇

　　

　　to find… / to discover… / to realize…

　　I’m not surprised to see you here.

　　

　　turn out 表明结果

　　turn out ( to be) + n./adj.

　　Eg: Our party turned out (to be) a success

　　 the concert turned out to be failure.

　　It turned out that………… 原来是(表示结果)

　　that 从句，或其他名词从句，it 作形式主语

　　Eg: It turned out that the diamond had been in the bank all the time.

　　 It turned out that his statement was false.

　　

　　as it turns out 人们后来发现

　　Eg: As it turns out, there was not need to worry.

　　As it turns out, the report was mistaken. 人们后来发现,这篇报告被弄错了。

　　

　　She stood three feet high and her hands rested on th hips.

　　rest on = depend on, lean on

　　His hand rested lightly on my shoulder.

　　

　　which swept the ground进一步说明拖地的，曳地的

　　

　　despite / in spite of +n. /动名词

　　

　　It is still a problem for the archaeologists up to now.

　　

　　so far,up to now 都是完成时的标志

　　

　　discover her identity: find out he identity

　　

　　【Special difficulties】

　　happen (to) , it happened that…

　　

　　【Multiple choice questions】

　　Comprehension

　　1 The interesting discovery made by the archaeologists was .

　　a. that the city had once been prosperous

　　b. that the temple had been used as a place of worship

　　c. they found the fifteen statues had been painted

　　d. that they were not the first to have found the head of the goddess

　　

　　It’s missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C.’

　　1. D

　　

　　2 The city ‘enjoyed a high level of civilization’ . This is confirmed by the fact that .

　　a. some of the houses were built only one storey high

　　b. a great number of fragments were found in the temple

　　c. the city had been built on clay

　　d. advanced techniques had been employed in building and decorating

　　

　　This is confirmed by the fact that引导同位语从句，补充说明fact 的内容。

　　be employed in:被应用在…方面

　　

　　‘…The city at one time must have been prosperous，for it enjoyed a high level of civilization．Houses--often three storeys high-were built of stone．They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls．The city was even equipped with a drainage system…’

　　

　　3 In seeking to establish the identity of the reconstructed statue, the archaeologists .

　　a. tried to determine which goddess it represented

　　b. pieced together the fragments they found

　　c. discovered that it was more modern than any of the other statues

　　d. wondered whether it belonged to the fifth or the fifteenth century

　　

　　in doing sth: 在…方面

　　

　　structure

　　4 The city had once known .(ll.4-5)

　　a, a prosperity b, the prosperous c. the prosperity d. prosperity

　　

　　重点词汇know:知道，认识；经历过，曾经有过（= experience）, 这是一个文学用语，比experience更加正式

　　

　　5 The temple used as a place of worship since Roman times. (ll.9-10)

　　a. was b. has not been c. had been d. was not

　　

　　since:自从 主句的主干时态为现在完成时

　　

　　6 They found that the goddess turned out to be …(ll.14-15)

　　a. surprisingly b. with surprise c. to their surprise d. a surprise

　　

　　to their surprise:使某人感到惊讶的是 （在句中可做独立的状语，句子的主语不必是某个人）

　　with surprise:惊讶地 （首先，必须与行为动词连用，其次，句子的主语必须是某个人）

　　Eg: To my great disappointment the train had already left.

　　With satisfaction / delight / dismay

　　He smoked his cigarette with satisfaction.

　　He went home with dismay.

　　To our dismay the party proved to be a failure.

　　

　　7 being very old, she was very graceful. (ll.16-17)

　　a. Although b. In spite of c. Even d. Even though

　　

　　despite = in spite of (可以和名词、代词、动名词搭配)

　　

　　8 So far, the archaeologists to discover her identity. (l.17)

　　a. have been impossible b. have not been able c. cannot have been d. could not

　　

　　so far 现在完成时的标志

　　如果用posible / imposible, 要采用形式主语it

　　…it has been impossible for the archaeologists to discover her identity.

　　

　　Vocabulary

　　9 In the most room of the temple…(l.10)

　　a. holy b. religious c. frightening d. colourful

　　

　　原文中用到了sacred (宗教的，神圣的)

　　religious 宗教的

　　frightening 令人害怕的

　　colourful 丰富多彩的

　　

　　10 The head was carefully preserved. It was .(l.13)

　　a. well done b. conserved c. maintained c. in good condition

　　

　　state

　　well done 侧重强调做得好

　　conserve = keep from being wasted ,damaged, lost, destroyed

　　“不用尽或耗尽某物，保留“

　　conserve your energy you needed

　　we nust conserve out forest

　　maintain: 通过修缮保养，不使…破损（强调动作的过程）“维修，保养”

　　

　　11 The goddess to be a very modern-looking woman. (l.15)

　　a. appeared b. proved c. resolved d. changed

　　

　　turn out = prove

　　

　　12 But, the archaeologists have been unable…(l.17)

　　a. beforehand b. until now c. for a long time d. at this distance

　　

　　so far =>until now, up till now

　　beforehand: (adv.) 事先 = in advance

　　at this distance (of / in time) 时隔已久

　　Eg: I can hardly remember him at this distance of time.