典型的作文开头引述方法

几种典型的作文开头引述方法

来源：环球雅思网 www.ielts.com.cn 2005-8-29

    Type1引述他人观点（为提出自己观点铺垫） 
    [1] It is widely(commonly) accepted(hold)+THAT 
    [2] A widely accepted(commonly) hold idea(point of view,viewpoint, opinion,assumption)is +THAT/NP 
    [3] A/The dominant(prevalent, prevailing)idea(see [2])is NP/to DO 
    [4] It is taken for granted+THAT(or:We often/frequently take it for granted THAT) 
    [5] People(The majority) seem to get accustomed to the idea(see [2]),without questioning,THAT 
    [6] People are willing to regard NP1 as NP2/ADJ 
    [7] People are willing to DO,while reluctant to DO 

    Type2提出异议 
    [1] However (But),… 
    [2] Such idea(see[1-2]),if not entirely ADJ1,is somewhat ADJ2 and needs careful consideration. 
    ADJI=unreasonable,unacceptable, inappropriate,improper,undesirable, 
etc; 
    ADJ2=misleading,doubtrul, etc 
    [3] In fact(As a matter of fact),…(follow[2]) 
    [4] However, it is not (quite, necessarily)the case. 
    [5] This (It) is not (quite, necessarily) the case and needs to bo fruther considered/discussed.(or:further consideration/discussion) 

    Type3论述的展开：说明原因和理由，层进，举例，转折 
    [1] The reason lies in several aspects, 
    [2] The reason why+clause+[1, underlined] 
    [3] There are several remarkable reasons. 
    [4] 层进in addition, besides, fruthermore, what’s more, on the other hand, meanwhile, for one thing…for another; finally, above all, in short. 
    [5] 举例for example, for instance, such (general term) as (specific terms),a typical (striking) example is that, a case in point 
    [6] 转折however, but, nevertheless,on the contrary 
    [7] 条件if , provided that, unless, as long as,etc 

    Type4 就…而言；关于 
    [1] as far as …is/are concemed: As far as current situation is concerned 
    [2] as t the problem as to NP有关…的问题 

    Type5问题 
    [1] Although much effort has been made, the situation is far from satisfactory (or: the problem remains unsolved, little improvement has been achieved) 
    [2] There is a tendency, as recent study (investigation) has pointed out (shown, revealed, indicated),+THAT 
    [3] There is growing concern about +NP 
    [4] It will inevitably (is likely to )result in (lead to ) unwanted (serious) consequence (or NP) 
    [5] Unfortunately,… 
    [6] We will not be able to afford the risk of overlooking the seriousness of the matter. 
    [7] The process, once initiated, is most likely irreversible. 
    [8] We are constantly (frequently) faced with NP 

    TYPE6重要与必要；（应）注意与重视 
    [1] NP1 is of great importance (necessity, value) in NP2 (or: NP is of enormous significance) 
    [2] The importance (necessity) of NP (to do sth.) lies in (the fact) that… 
    [3] NP1 plays, as is known, an irreplaceably important role in NP2 
    [4] The irreplaceably important role NP1 plays in NP2 is significant (obvous) 
    [5] NP1 is an indispensable part of NP2 
    [6] It is important (necessary) to DO (or:THAT) 
    [7] Special attention should be pay to …(or: We should pay special attention to…) 
    [8] What we should take into consideration is +NP 
    Type7行动 
    [1](immediate, emergent, effective) Measures are being taken (has been 
taken, should be taken) to DO 
    [3] We have made much effort, there is still more we need to make (cf. We have learnt a lot, there is much more we need to lea123) 

    Type8二择其一 
    [1] If it were left for me to decide whether (wh-clause),I would, without hesitation, choose+to DO (or: I would prefer the former/the latter) 
    [2] To DO/NP is a matter of prerence. 
    [3] It is difficult to make a choice for one can hardly gain most without losing any. 
    [4] The difficulty lies in the fact that the advantages and disadvantages of both cases are equally obvious. 
    [5] In fact, we may well preserve a delicate balance or compromise between the two than go to extreme. 
    [6] It is not sensible to exclude one of the choices completely 
    [7] (of two conflicting ideas, concepts) Though conflicting to one another, they are so closely associated that understanding one will be impossible without discussing the other. 
    [8] The benefits of NP are varied… 
    [9]While disadvantages are unavoidable, it is the advantages that prevail.