和我一起攻克新概念四(1)

和我一起攻克新概念四(1) 

 来源:环球雅思网  www.ielts.com.cn  2005-4-14

    We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas--legends handed down from one generation of story-tellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they
    did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first ''modern men'' came from.Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace. 
一、重点单词解释
   1、recount：v.叙述
注意读音，重音在后。英语中有“名前动后”之说，重音在前是名词，重音在后是动词。例如：record
recount：emotionless
describe：a little emotional
depict：同上
narrate：temporal & spacial 时间和空间顺序 narrative
portray：像画肖像一样地描述，最强烈
   2、anthropologist：人类学家
注意构词：anthrop = 人
philosopher ＝ philo ＋ sopher ＝ 爱 ＋ 智慧 ＝ 哲学家
philanthropist ＝ phil ＋ anthrop ＝ 爱 ＋ 人 ＝ 慈善家
anthropology 人类学
   3、ancestor：祖先
an － 在前面；fore － 在前面
同义词：forefather，forebear
   4、flint ：燧石，打火石
flinting heart 心太硬，残忍无比、歹毒 
近义词：cobble鹅卵石 
Don't act as you were the only cobble on the beach. 不要太自以为是

   5、rot ：腐烂 
Leave me rot. =Leave me alone.
Rot to death. 自生自灭。
Soon ripe, soon rotten. 早慧早衰。
He is rotton to core. 他坏透顶了。
同义词：decay；
decompose：分解；
deteriorate：关系恶化（同学们自己查查它的读音）

6、trace： 痕迹 
trace the problem. 用作动词，跟踪，找到毛病的根源 
I follow your trace ＝I follow wherever you go


二、课文重点难点分析


   We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near 
East, where people first learned to write.


   1、read of 读到 
相似用法：谈到speak of、 talk of、 了解到know of 、听说过hear of 

   2、知识点：Near East：Mediterranean,South Europe,North Africa
Middle East：West Asia
Far East：Chian,Japan,Korea

   3、where 从句是非限制性从句表原因：我们能够....,因为那里的人们首先学会了书写。
   4、补充练习：翻译－口语早于书面语出现
翻译一：Oral（spoken）language is earlier than written language.
翻译二：Oral（spoken）language is earlier than written counterpart.
同学们自己查字典学习－counterpart 这个词
two things or two people have the same position
   The only way that they can preserve their history is to
recount it as sagas--legends handed down from one generation of 
story-tellers to another. 
   5、preserve 保留、保存、腌制（preserved vegetables腌菜）
   6、本句结构是：The only way... is to recount....（主、系、表结构）
如果句子中有only ，那么后面跟的表语结构要用 to do sth. 不能用doing sth.
   7、handed down 定语＝legends where are handed down
   8、story-teller讲故事的人 fortune-teller 、 palmreader 算命先生
   These legends are useful because they can tell us something about
migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down 
what they did. 
   9、migration：移民
注意几个相关词汇：
migrant：侯鸟
immigrant：移民（移入）
emigrant：移民（移出）
同学们仔细体会这几个词的差异，因为我知道很多同学学英语，打算出国留学、办移民，所以这几个词将来会经常用到。

   10、none ＝ no body

Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian
peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. 

  11、Polynesian peoples：people＋s 复数表示民族。
But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago 
that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. 

  12、重要句型：if they had any 插入语 表示强调
His relatives, if they had (any), never went to visit him when he was hospitalized.


  So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the 
first ''modern men''came from.

  13、neither：读音,英音[ ai ],没有[ i: ] 还有 either 这个词

  14、find 与 find out 的区别：find out 指千方百计、奋进周折后找到
  15、modern men ＝ who were like ourselves
  Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, 
  16、知识点：表示转折的连接词－however、but、yet
规律：but、yet 不要加任何标点，only at the beginning of sentence
howerver : anywhere you want，加逗号
  therefore 和 so 的用法同上，therefore可以放任何地方；so只在句首
  17、tool小工具 instument实验器械 equipment设备
  They may also have used wood and skins ... ...
  18、may have 表推测
  19、peel果皮 leather皮革 hide兽皮 cowhide牛皮

 Stone does not decay, and so the tools of
long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who
made them have disappeared without trace.
  20、without (any) trace
I run after the thief, but he turned the corner and disappeared 
without trace