和我一起攻克新概念四(3)

和我一起攻克新概念四(3) 

来源:环球雅思网 www.ielts.com.cn 2005-4-26 

   Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good
sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded. In the 
pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all. The early climbers were 
looking for the easiest way to the top because the summit was the prize they sought,especially if it had never been attained before. It is true that during their 
   explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, 
   equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, 
   but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement. They had a single 
   aim, a solitary goal--the top!
   It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers. 
Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly
become popular, Alpine villages tended to be impoverished settlements cut off
from civilization by the high mountains. Such inns as there were were generally
dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often
twelve months old, all washed down with coarse wine. Often a valley boasted no
inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever they could--sometimes with the
local priest (who was usually as poor as his parishioners), sometimes with shep-
   herds or cheesemakers. Invariably the background was the same: dirt and
poverty, and very uncomfortable. For men accustomed to eating seven-course
dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps
must have been very hard indeed.
   一、重点单词解释 
   1、alpinist : 登山者 (from Alps)
    climber , mountaineer , alpine 阿尔卑斯山的阿尔卑斯山的 

   2、attain : 到达
attain one’s goal= realize 
attain the top/peak/summit
attain youth 
attainment 
attainments 成就= accomplishment 

   3、perilous: 危险的
perilous avalanche 随时到来的雪崩

   4、shudder : 不寒而栗
同义词：tremble , quiver ,shiver ,shudder 
区别：shudder :quick and sudden
shiver :could and nervous
quiver :excitement ,maybe cold 
tremble :long and very obvious

   5、go out of one’s way :故意的 专门地
I will go out of my way to send you home /too much for me 
By the way 顺路

   6、court :追求的。多义词
朝廷: courtier (朝臣)
courteous 彬彬有礼的
法庭
娱乐场 足球场: football court / 高尔夫球场 golf court 
追求 I want to court somebody 
招致 pride courts failure 骄傲导致失败

   7、solitary : 唯一的,孤独的
solo :独唱,独奏
solitude :孤独 / I live in solitude = I live a lonely life 

   8、pioneer :先驱者

   9、impoverish : 使贫困
   A great many men will cheerfully face impoverishment if they can 
secure complete ruin for the rivals. hence present level of taxation
许多人都会乐观的面对贫困,如果能够让对手落魄，
因此产生了现在的税收状况

   10、coarse：粗劣的
嗓子哑 : coarse throat / 嗓子发炎:sore throat 
粗粮 :coarse fare / 细粮 refined fare
粗暴无礼 : in a coarse manner 

   11、boast：吹牛,夸
以人做主语,表示夸耀 / he boasted of his knowledge
以物做主语,表示拥有 /The center boasts a team of high quality researchers

   12.inn: holiday inn

   13.flea-ridden:跳蚤

   14．As they were: 可以这么说，as it were
    This book is, as it were, his life portrait.

   15.-holic: 迷
   二、课文解析

   Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good
sport
   12、good sports : 表示 stimulus (刺激) ,thrilling (震撼,兴奋)
The more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded

   13、regard : 珍重,珍视
regard somebody with something(感情词) , 
eg: regard you with love, hatred, horror, respect

In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all.
   14、pioneering days =ancient 

   15、this was not the case at all 
not at all : 根本 case 不是这回事

    The scenery is at the peak of the mountain
    Invariably the background was the same
   17、invariably= all the same 

   For men accustomed to eating seven-course
dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps
must have been very hard indeed.
   17、 accustomed to : 后置定语
be accustomed to = be used to + 名词或动名词
I am used to the life / living in Beijing 
   18、course : 一道菜
早餐: scratch a meal 
中午: snack 
晚上: 正餐,dinner
   19、change : 适应 
Education brings great changes to his outlook/view on life 人生观
   20、must have been :表推测