雅思口语阐述中的句子拓展

　　在备考口语过程中，我们经常会追求句子的长度和深度，这是对的。因为雅思口语的评分标准里就有对句子内容复杂性的要求。

　　对于又长、又复杂的句子，首先，我们要明确一点，无论长短或简繁，目的是将事物描述的清晰、准确，从而体现我们的语言水平和交流能力，不能为了长而长、为了复杂而复杂，然后不断出现语法错误和逻辑混乱，那就得不偿失了。

　　怎么做呢？先看一个例子。

　　I want to make some friends. 这是一个典型主谓宾结构的句子。句子本身是正确的，但过于简单且没有所指，需要进行拓展。我们从提问入手。假设别人说了这个句子，似乎是个想法，你会提什么问题呢？先来罗列一下特殊疑问词：

　　How many   When   What   Why

　　现在，我们来提问➕回答：

　　How many friends do you want to make?

　　-I want to make at least 5 friends.

　　When would you want to make the friends?

　　-I want to make at least 5 friends by the end of this year.

　　What kind of people would you make friends with?

　　-I want to make at least 5 kind-minded friends by the end of this year.

　　Why do you want to make friends?

　　-I want to make at least 5 kind-minded friends by the end of this year, for the reason that my social circle is too small and I need to break through.

　　最后一个问题的答案就构成了一个又长又复杂又具体的句子。就这个话题继续：“多交朋友”是一个计划，这个计划怎么实施呢？再看第二个例子。

　　I will go to the library and the museum. 又是一个正确但不说明任何问题的句子，我们还按上述方法进行拓展——when, where, what, why。

　　When will you go to the library and the museum?

　　-I will go to the library and the museum in my leisure time.

　　What kind of library and museum would you like to visit?

　　-I will go to the community library and the art museum in my leisure time.

　　Where are the library and the museum?

　　-I will go to the community library near my home and the art museum downtown in my leisure time.

　　Why do you go to the library and the museum?

　　-In my leisure time, I will go to the community library near my home, for there are neighbors for me to get to know and I plan to visit the art museum downtown because people at my age enjoy the exhibition of modern arts.

　　这里需要注意，有些时间或地点状语，像句中的“in my leisure time”，如果你不知道放在哪儿合适，那就把它放最前面或最后面。

　　计划开始了，采取什么策略和方法呢？再看一个例子。

　　I’ll try to talk to people around me. 我们继续拓展，列出疑问词：what, what, how

　　What kind of people would you choose to talk to?

　　-I’ll try to talk to people who look similar in the community library and speak to the ones who seem accessible in the art museum.

　　How do you break the ice?

　　-I’ll try to talk to people who look similar in the community library by asking them which apartment building they live and speak to the ones who seem accessible in the art museum through commenting on the artworks we are appreciating.

　　What if they reject to talk?

　　- I’ll try to talk to people who look similar in the community library by asking them which apartment building they live and speak to the ones who seem accessible in the art museum through commenting on the artworks we are appreciating. If they reject to talk, I will definitely feel embarrassed, but I’ll try to calm down and seek others who would like to talk.

　　话题继续。方案、策略都有了，设想一下困难吧：I’m too shy. 一个“腼腆”，说出了困难，但还是不够具体，尚需继续拓展。在这之前，先来看2020年口语题库中part-2的一道题:

　　Describe a goal you set that you tried your best to achieve.

　　其实这道题的相当一部分答案在方才的句子拓展中已经体现了：

　　I want to make at least 5 kind-minded friends by the end of this year, for the reason that my social circle is too small and I need to break through.

　　In my leisure time, I will go to the community library near my home, for there are neighbors for me to get to know and I plan to visit the art museum downtown because people at my age enjoy the exhibition of modern arts.

　　I’ll try to talk to people who look similar in the community library by asking them which apartment building they live and speak to the ones who seem accessible in the art museum through commenting on the artworks we are appreciating. If they reject to talk, I will definitely feel embarrassed, but I’ll try to calm down and seek others who would like to talk.

　　Goal——多交朋友；渠道——去到不同的地方遇到不同的人；方法——想办法破冰；困难——自己性格内向，破解——……

　　大家就按照刚才的方法继续写出后续的部分，然后尝试进行自问自答式的拓展吧。当然，要特别小心这道题目所涉及的时态——过去时，因此，在继续拓展之前，先试着把上文中的现在时改成过去时。

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